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BBC (20 November 2025)

Navin Singh Khadka

At this year's UN climate summit (COP30), under way in Brazil's Belem city, all eyes are on India - the world's third largest carbon emitter.

India has not yet submitted a key climate plan that countries are required to do every five years, even as international assessments have deemed India's climate action as being "worryingly inadequate". Delhi has argued otherwise.

Known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), the updated plan from each member country to the UN Framework Climate Convention (UNFCC) is expected to have more ambitious carbon reduction targets as the world has failed to make the required level of cuts to avoid dangerous global warming.

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